40 years of reform and opening up: the development of China's petroleum industry

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to get rid of the "poor oil country" hat, and quickly change the appearance of a poor and white, the Chinese oil workers represented by the iron man Wang Jinxi developed Daqing Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield and Huabei Oilfield with the spirit of rushing and self-sacrifice. In addition, it achieved a major breakthrough in China's oil industry, and increased the annual output of crude oil from just over 100,000 tons before the founding of New China to about 100 million tons in 1978.

Since the reform and opening up, in order to provide energy support for modernization and consolidate the foundation of economic take-off, a large number of oil frontline scientific and technological workers and first-line oil workers continue to carry forward the hard work spirit and further increase the amount of crude oil exploitation to about 200 million in 2017. Tons, the status of a major oil country has been continuously consolidated.

Shaoguan Guomai palm oil: China's oil industry forms three independent companies' independent business structure

After 1979, crude oil production has been stagnant for two consecutive years, showing a downward trend. In the face of this situation, the relevant departments at that time introduced the experience of rural “big contracting” to the petroleum industry, and decided to implement the “100 million tons of crude oil production and packaging” policy for the petroleum industry since 1981, specifically the completion of the petroleum sector. After the output index of 100 million tons, the oil-producing oil and the self-supplied oil can be exported, and the foreign exchange earned in full is used for imported equipment and technology; the vast majority of domestic and international oil price differences are reserved for oil exploration and development funds. The "oil big package" greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the oil front workers, and the effect was quickly reflected. In 1985, crude oil production reached a new level of 125 million tons.

In the early days of reform and opening up, China's exploration and mining technology in the petroleum field was largely at a stage where the concept needs to be updated, equipment is backward, and it is compensated by people's sea tactics and desperate spirit. Since the implementation of the foreign exchange retention policy in 1983, the petroleum industry has begun to introduce advanced exploration equipment such as large computers, digital seismographs, and logging tools, and introduced French and American earthquake and logging teams to strengthen exploration in mountainous and desert areas of western China. Technical research.

In order to adapt to the rapid development of the world's offshore oil, China National Offshore Oil Corporation was formally established in February 1982, becoming the first industrial industry to open up to the outside world. In February 1983, China Petrochemical Corporation was established, and 39 petrochemical enterprises originally managed by the Ministry of Petroleum, the Ministry of Chemical Industry and the Ministry of Textiles were placed under the leadership of the head office. The head office is directly under the State Council.

In April 1988, the Ministry of Petroleum was reorganized into China National Petroleum Corporation and the Chinese Offshore Oil Corporation was separated. Since then, China's oil industry has basically formed a three-tiered company based on land, ocean and petrochemicals, with a clear division of labor and independent management.

Four Seas to Raise Kyushu: Oil Companies Begin the "Going Out" Step


In 1989, when China launched the Tarim Oil War, the Chinese oil industry initially presented a new look of “two new two highs” (ie, adopting new technology and new management system to achieve high levels and high efficiency).

Technological advances in the oil sector have laid the foundation for “going out”. In March 1993, PetroChina won the bid for the Bangya block project in Thailand. In October of the same year, it signed a contract for the operation of the 7th district of Talala Oilfield with the Peruvian National Oil Company. According to statistics, by 2017, a total of 34 Chinese oil companies participated in the investment of 210 overseas oil projects, and the accumulated overseas oil rights production reached 190 million tons, which also led to the entry of Chinese oil technology and equipment into the oil and gas fields of the United States and the Middle East. He has made outstanding contributions to the development of the world oil industry.

At the same time, with the advancement of reform and opening up, the living standards of the people have been increasing, and the demand for oil has gradually increased. The data show that since China became a net importer of oil in 1993, China’s oil imports have been increasing. In 2003, it reached 91.12 million tons, surpassing Japan to become the world's second largest oil importer. In 2004, it exceeded 100 million tons for the first time.

Restructuring and management follow the general trend: the oil industry is divided into separate operations


In March 1998, the State Council announced the reorganization of the petroleum industry, and the divisional operation was a mixed operation. PetroChina and Sinopec became the two monopoly oil groups that penetrated the entire industrial chain, and at the same time obtained the right to import and export oil. In 1999, PetroChina, Sinopec and CNOOC reorganized and restructured and formed their respective joint stock companies. From 2000 to 2001, three joint-stock companies were successfully listed overseas. The state-owned oil company's property rights reform has made a historic breakthrough, providing institutional guarantee for the development of the petrochemical industry.

In 2004, the National Chamber of Commerce and Industry Petroleum Chamber of Commerce was established, which mainly safeguards the interests of private oil companies. When the Chamber of Commerce was established, the market size occupied by private oil companies was already huge.

Innovation and technology trends: technological innovation and technological advancement into the main driving force of the development of the petroleum industry


With strong industrial growth and rising domestic living standards, China's demand for energy has been further increased, and oil plays an indispensable role in these energy sources. In 2015, domestic crude oil production reached a record 215 million tons, and in recent years it has maintained a high of 200 million tons.

“Going out” for more than 20 years, the oil exploration and mining technology has also been continuously improved. There is no precedent for successful exploration of conglomerate scale in the depression area at home and abroad. After more than 20 years of arduous exploration, Chinese oil people finally broke through the “exploration restricted area” and created a depression. The exploration theory and supporting technical system of the conglomerate reservoirs in the area discovered the 1 billion-ton large-scale conglomerate oil field in Mahu and opened up a new oil base in China.

On August 6, 2017, the Shunbei oil and gas field in the Tarim Basin “Shunbei 2H Well” completed a depth of 8433 meters, setting a record for the deepest well and the deepest directional well in Asia, marking the deep drilling technology of China's oil and gas fields. The forefront of the world. It is the challenge of this world-class drilling and completion. The average depth of burial is over 7,000 meters. The ultra-deep, ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature Shunbei oil and gas fields have the possibility of successful development.

The growth pattern of the global oil industry has undergone a fundamental transformation. In the past, the business mode of relying on high investment to drive growth has not adapted to the new situation. Technological innovation and technological progress have become the main driving force for the open development of oil exploration. In addition, CNPC's overseas investment has increased year by year, and companies have made breakthroughs in both conventional and unconventional oil production, providing them with the latest technology and best business practices in the energy transition market.
In July 2018, the state issued the "Special Management Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2018 Edition)",
Among them, more than 30 foreign-owned chain gas stations have been officially cancelled, and the downstream part of the oil is completely open.